Nutrition in Animals – Class 7 Science Notes
Subject: Science | Class: 7 | Chapter: Nutrition in Animals
Topic: Different ways animals take in food, digestion, and absorption
🔍 Chapter Summary
Animals, including humans, cannot make their own food. They depend on plants or other animals for food. The process of taking food, breaking it down into nutrients, and absorbing it is called nutrition.
📘 Key Concepts
- Nutrition: Process of consuming and utilizing food for energy and growth.
- Types of Nutrition:
- Holozoic nutrition: Ingestion of solid food (e.g. humans, cats).
- Saprotrophic nutrition: Absorbing nutrients from dead matter (e.g. fungi).
- Parasitic nutrition: Living on/in other organisms and taking their food (e.g. lice, leech).
- Steps of Nutrition in Humans:
- Ingestion – Taking in food
- Digestion – Breaking food into simpler substances
- Absorption – Nutrients absorbed by the body
- Assimilation – Nutrients used by body cells
- Egestion – Removal of undigested waste
- Digestive Organs: Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Anus
- Other Organs: Liver and pancreas help in digestion with digestive juices
🐄 Nutrition in Ruminants (Cows, Goats)
Ruminants like cows eat grass and chew it partially. This food goes into the rumen and is later brought back into the mouth as cud for chewing again. This process is called rumination.
- They have a four-chambered stomach.
- Helps in digesting cellulose from plants.
🦋 Nutrition in Amoeba
Amoeba uses its finger-like projections called pseudopodia to capture food. It surrounds the food particle and forms a food vacuole to digest it.
📝 Practice Questions
- What are the different steps of nutrition in humans?
- Define holozoic nutrition with examples.
- What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?
- Explain the process of rumination in ruminants.
- How does Amoeba take in food?
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